2. Signaling Pathways
  3. GPCR/G Protein
  4. Adenylate Cyclase

Adenylate Cyclase

Adenylyl cyclase

Adenylate Cyclase

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Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenylyl cyclases integrate positive and negative signals that act through G protein-coupled cell-surface receptors with other extracellular stimuli to finely regulate levels of cAMP within the cell. Humans express nine isoforms of membranous ACs and a soluble AC.

Based on regulatory properties, transmembrane ACs are classified into four groups: Group I: Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1, AC3, AC8; Group II: Gβγ-stimulated and Ca2+-insensitive AC2, AC4, AC7; Group III: Gαi/Ca2+/PKA-inhibited AC5, AC6; Group IV: forskolin/Ca2+/Gβγ-insensitive AC9. The soluble AC, unlike the transmembrane ACs, is insensitive to hormones, G proteins and forskolin, a diterpene extracted from the root of the plant Coleus forskohlii that directly activates all isoforms of transmembrane ACs except AC9.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P1158
    [Ala2,8,9,11,19,22,24,25,27,28]-VIP
    [Ala2,8,9,11,19,22,24,25,27,28]-VIP is an analog vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) with high affinity and selectivity for human VIP/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (hVPAC1). VIP is a widespread neurotransmitter.
    [Ala2,8,9,11,19,22,24,25,27,28]-VIP
  • HY-182389
    NLX-219
    NLX-219 is a selective agonist of the 5-HT1A with a pKi of 10.21. NLX-219 activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation, inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, promotes β-arrestin recruitment. NLX-219 can be used for the research of neurological disease.
    NLX-219
  • HY-W130288
    1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine
    		Inhibitor
    1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine is a 5-HT receptor modulator that acts as both a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and binds to human 5-HT6 receptor with a Ki of 120 nM. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine partially inhibits forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in calf substantia nigra. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine inhibits UV-induced immunosuppression. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine induces S-phase cell cycle delay, apoptosis and increases ROS levels, leading to inhibit MNT-1 cell proliferation. 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine can be used for melanoma research.
    1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine
  • HY-P1544
    Cerebellin
    		Modulator
    Cerebellin is a neuromodulatory hexadecapeptide that serves as a marker for Purkinje cell maturation. Cerebellin stimulates norepinephrine release via the adenylate cyclase/PKA-dependent signaling pathway. Cerebellin reduces insulin secretion from pancreatic islets under high-glucose conditions. Cerebellin also regulates synaptic structure formation and controls catecholamine secretion in peripheral tissues. Cerebellin can be used in neurological research.
    Cerebellin
  • HY-171909
    Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate
    		Inhibitor
    Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate (GroPIns-4-P) is a metabolite of phospholipase A and an inhibitor of adenylylcyclase. Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate can regulate cAMP-dependent cellular functions. Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate can also induce the formation of membrane ruffles and stress fibers in serum-starved Swiss 3T3 cells by activating the small GTPases Rac and Rho, respectively. Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate can be used in research on cancer cell motility and invasiveness.
    Glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate
  • HY-122148
    DA 4626
    		Inhibitor
    DA 4626 is a competitive H2-histamine receptor antagonist. DA 4626 inhibits adenylate cyclase activity with a KB value of 40 nM.
    DA 4626
  • HY-128103
    Glucagon receptor antagonist-7
    		Activator
    Glucagon receptor antagonist-7 (Compound 1) is an antagonist for hGCGR, that inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled glucagon to the human glucagon receptor (hGCGR) with IC50 of 181 nM. Glucagon receptor antagonist-7 activates glucagon-stimulated adenylyl cyclase with a KDB of 81 nM in CHO cell. Glucagon receptor antagonist-7 inhibits glucagon-mediated glycogenolysis in human hepatocytes, and lowers blood glucose levels.
    Glucagon receptor antagonist-7
  • HY-P2090
    Angiopeptin
    		Inhibitor
    Angiopeptin, a cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, is a weak sst2/sst5 receptor partial agonist with IC50 values of 0.26 nM and 6.92 nM, respectively. Angiopeptin is a potent inhibitor of growth hormone release and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production. Angiopeptin inhibits adenylate cyclase or stimulates extracellular acidification. Angiopeptin has the potential for coronary atherosclerosis research.
    Angiopeptin
  • HY-103191
    1,9-Dideoxyforskolin
    		Control
    1,9-Dideoxyforskolin is an inactive analog of forskolin.
    1,9-Dideoxyforskolin
  • HY-130176
    UFP-512
    		Inhibitor
    UFP-512 is a selective and potent σ-opioid receptor (DOP receptor) peptidic agonist with antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. UFP-512 exhibits as a potent agonist on adenylyl cyclase inhibition and Erk1/2 activation. UFP-512 induces phosphorylation of DOP receptors on Ser363 with a low desensitization of the cAMP pathway. UFP-512 is promising for research of mood disorders.
    UFP-512
  • HY-W686762
    m,p-Dimethyl PPE
    		Inhibitor
    m,p-Dimethyl PPE is a D4 dopamine receptor ligand. m,p-Dimethyl PPE promotes GDP/GTP exchange of the G protein α-subunit, dissociates the receptor-G protein complex, stabilizes the low-affinity receptor state, and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. m,p-Dimethyl PPE inhibits Forskolin (HY-15371)-induced melatonin synthesis in retinal photoreceptor cells and reduces the efficacy of full agonists when used in combination. m,p-Dimethyl PPE can be used in studies related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    m,p-Dimethyl PPE
  • HY-157150
    mAC2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    mAC2-IN-1 (compound 14) is a potent and selective human adenylate cyclases (mACs) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.45 μM. mAC2-IN-1 has low activity on mAC1 and mAC5.
    mAC2-IN-1
  • HY-131789A
    2-NH2-PuTP sodium
    		Inhibitor
    2-NH2-PuTP (n2h6ATP) sodium, an ATP (HY-B2176) analogue, is a competitive pyruvate-stimulated adenylate cyclase inhibitor with a Ki of 1.7 mM.
    2-NH2-PuTP sodium
  • HY-P3647A
    [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine hydrochloride, a N-Alkylated derivative, is a potent κ-opioid receptor agonist with a Ki value of 0.13 nM. [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine hydrochloride has analgesic property.
    [DPro10] Dynorphin A (1-11), porcine hydrochloride
  • HY-103193R
    NKH477 (Standard)
    		Activator
    NKH477 (Standard) is the analytical standard of NKH477 (HY-103193). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NKH477 (Colforsin dapropate hydrochloride) directly activates the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP. NKH477 is a forskolin derivative that improves cardiac failure mainly through its beneficial effects on diastolic cardiac function. NKH477 exerts an antiproliferative effect in vivo with an altered cytokine profile to inhibit the acute rejection of rat orthotopic lung allografts.
    NKH477 (Standard)
  • HY-103430AR
    SKF-83566 (Standard)
    		Antagonist
    SKF-83566 (Standard) is the analytical standard of SKF-83566 (HY-103430A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. SKF-83566 is a potent, blood-brain permeable and orally active D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) antagonist and a weaker competitive antagonist at the vascular 5-HT2 receptor (Ki=11 nM). SKF-83566 is a competitive DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.7 μM. SKF-83566 also shows selective inhibition for adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) over AC1 and AC5 in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. SKF-83566 can be used for research of parkinson’s disease and nicotine craving alleviation.
    SKF-83566 (Standard)
  • HY-135878R
    2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a potent and non-competitive adenylyl cyclase inhibitor via binding the P-site with an IC50 of 3 µM . 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine is a nucleoside analog and exerts a potent antiadrenergic action in heart.
    2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine (Standard)
  • HY-108565R
    BMY 45778 (Standard)
    		Activator
    BMY 45778 (Standard) is the analytical standard of BMY 45778 (HY-108565). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. BMY 45778 is a non-prostanoid prostacyclin mimetic. BMY 45778 inhibits human (IC50 = 35 nM), rabbit (IC50: 136 nM) and rat (IC50 : 1.3 μM) platelet aggregation. BMY 45778 also activates adenylyl cyclase. BMY 45778 is a partial agonist at the prostacyclin receptor.
    BMY 45778 (Standard)
  • HY-111985
    Revospirone
    		Inhibitor
    Revospirone (BAY Vq 7813) is a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor with a Ki of 2 nmol/L. Revospirone inhibits adenylate cyclase activity with an IC50 of 124 nmol/L.
    Revospirone
  • HY-B1124AR
    Fipexide hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Fipexide (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fipexide (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fipexide hydrochloride, a parachloro-phenossiacetic acid derivative, is an orally active nootropic agent. Fipexide hydrochloride reduces striatal adenylate cyclase activity. Fipexide hydrochloride has positive effect on cognitive performance by dopaminergic neurotransmission. Fipexide hydrochloride is used for senile dementia research. Fipexide hydrochloride acts as a chemical inducer in callus formation, shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium infection.
    Fipexide hydrochloride (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity